His projection does just that, notwithstanding the distortions around the south pole. When we georeference Monte’s map and then re-project it into Mercator projection we immediately understand why he used the north polar projection instead of Mercator’s: Monte wanted to show the entire earth as close as possible to a three-dimensional sphere using a two-dimensional surface. This was never done, but now we can do it virtually - Monte's 60 sheet world map digitally assembled into a 10 foot planisphere: In his dedication on Tavola XL he specifies how to arrange the sheets of the planisphere and makes it explicit that the whole map was to be stuck on a wooden panel 5 and a half brachia square (about ten feet) so that it could be revolved around a central pivot or pin through the north pole. Monte made his map to serve not only as a geographical tool but also to show climate, customs, length of day, distances within regions - in other words, to create a universal scientific planisphere. The degree of detail and decoration is stunning and the entire production is surely unique in the history of cartographic representation. The assembled map, just over 10 feet in diameter, is one of the largest-if not the largest-world maps made in the 16th century. Now that we have joined all 60 sheets digitally (accomplished with great skill by Brandon Rumsey), we can appreciate in a new way the extraordinary accomplishment that Monte made. The only assembled version is the small single page key sheet of the series. Until now, Monte’s manuscript map was seen as a series of 60 individual sheets. Science, art, and history all in one document. Monte's map reminds us of why historical maps are so important as primary resources: the north polar azimuthal projection of his planisphere uses the advanced scientific ideas of his time the artistry in drawing and decorating the map embodies design at the highest level and the view of the world then gives us a deep historical resource with the listing of places, the shape of spaces, and the commentary interwoven into the map. The digitally joined 60 sheet map image below is the first time the map Monte made has been seen as one unified map - as Monte intended - in the 430 years since it was created. It was hand drawn by Monte in Milan, Italy, and only one other manuscript copy exists. At 10 foot square, this map or planisphere is the largest known early map of the world. Planisphere of 1587Īn extraordinary 60 sheet manuscript world map made in 1587 by Urbano Monte has been added to the David Rumsey Map Collection at Stanford University.

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